Origins: Rich woods and along rivers on well drained soils.

Uses: The bark has been used as a rubifacient and cathartic. Oil extracted from the fruit is reportedly valuable in treating tape worms and fungus infections. In Appalachia, a tea made from the bark is used as a laxative.

A guide to medicinal plants of Appalachia/ Krochmal, Arnold; Walter, Russel S.; Doughty, Richard M.: USA: U.S.D.A Forest Service:,1959